Chemical Article

LAND POLLUTION

Fertile soil is sufficient soil containing nutrients for plants and microorganisms, and in terms of physics, chemistry, and biology meet the growth. However, fertile soils can be damaged due to erosion and soil contamination.

Exist and water are an important part of our lives. Land plays an important role in the growth of living things, Maintaining ecosystems, and the maintenance of the air cycle. Cases of contamination of land are carried out by illegal dumping, leakage of industrial wastes or commercial facilities, or accidents of oil, chemical, or waste transport vehicles, which then spill over to the ground. When a hazardous substance is contaminating the soil surface, it can evaporate, Sweep away the rainwater and or enter the soil. Pollution into the soil then settled as a toxic chemical on the ground. Toxic substances in this soil can have a direct impact on humans when touched or can contaminate the air, soil and air above it

According to RI Government Regulation no. 150 of 2000 on Control of soil damage for bio-mass production: "Soil is one of the soil components of mineral and organic materials and has physical, chemical, biological properties, supporting human life and other living things."

In recent years, due to human activities, there has been considerable land degradation in densely populated urban areas, industrial areas and agricultural and agricultural areas. In the PP. 150 th. 2000 mentioned "Land damage for biomass production is a change in the nature of the soil.

Soil contamination is a condition in which man-made chemicals enter and change the natural soil environment. Soil pollution that occurs due to leaking liquid or industrial chemicals or commercial facilities, the use of pesticides, the inclusion of polluted surface air in sub-surface, chemicals, or wastewater From Landfills and industrial wastes discharged directly to the ground are not eligible. The pollutants entering the soil are then deposited as toxic chemicals in the soil. The toxic substance can have a direct impact on humans when touched or can contaminate the air and ground air above it.

Soil contamination has a close relationship with both air pollution and air pollution. Pollutants that are in the air dissolve and carried away by rain water, fall to the ground causing pollution of the soil.

Similarly, pollutants in surface water (river air, sewer air, lake water and brackish air) can enter the soil and can cause soil contamination. Thus, the most polluted and most polluted environment is Soil.

The land in question is part of the earth inhabited by many human beings, plants of various animals and microorganisms. Also in this soil also exists and water.

Source and Component of Soil Pollutant

1) Source of Soil Pollutants

Because soil contaminants have a strong relationship with air pollution and water pollution, eating sources of air pollutants and pollutants of water in general is also a source of pollution of the soil.

For example, carbon oxide gases, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides that become airborne contaminants dissolved in rainwater and down to the ground can cause acid rain to cause pollution to the soil.

Groundwater containing pollutants such as contaminated with radioactive substances, heavy metals in industrial waste, household waste, hospital waste, remnants of fertilizers and pesticides from agricultural areas, detergent waste, may eventually contaminate the soil of water areas Surface or soil surface of the contaminated surface water.

From the above discussion, the source of soil pollutants can be grouped as well as sources of pollutants derived from:

A. Household waste, market waste and hospital waste.

B. Merapi volcano erupting and motor vehicle fumes

C. Polymeric materials and hard-to-break materials

D. Agricultural waste

E. Waste reactor atom / NPP

F. Industrial waste

2) Components of Soil Pollutants

Components of contaminants obtained from the above sources of contaminants include:

A) Organic compounds that can decompose as described by microorganisms, such as food remains, leaves, vegetation and dead animals.

B) Organic compounds and inorganic compounds that can not be destroyed by microorganisms such as plastics, fibers, ceramics, cans and used building materials, cause the soil to become less fertile.

C) Air pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2), sulfur oxides (SO2 and SO3), carbon oxides (CO and CO2), produce acid rain which will cause acidic soil and damage to soil fertility / plant.

D) Pollutants in the form of heavy metals generated from industrial waste such as Hg, Zn, Pb, Cd can pollute the soil.

E) Radioactive substances produced by nuclear plants, atomic reactors or from other experiments that use or generate radioactive substances.

· Causes of Soil Pollution

Land is an important part in supporting the life of living things on earth. We know the food chain originates from plants. Humans, animals live from plants. Most of our food comes from the soil, although there are plants and animals that live in the sea. It is fitting for us to preserve the land so that it can support life on this earth. As water and air pollution, soil contamination is the result of human activities.

Soil pollution can be caused by domestic waste, industrial waste, and agricultural waste.

· Domestic waste

Domestic waste that can cause contamination of the soil may come from areas: population settlements; Trading / hotel / place of business of the hotel and others; Institutions such as government and private offices; And tourism, can be solid and liquid waste.

1. Solid waste is inorganic waste. This type of waste can not be described by microorganisms (non-biodegradable), such as plastic bags, used beverage cans, plastic bottled water bottles, etc.

2. Liquid waste shaped; Feces, detergent, oil, paint, if seep into the soil will damage the groundwater content and can kill micro-organisms in the soil.

Industrial waste

Industrial waste that can cause soil contamination comes from areas: factories, manufacturing, small industry, housing industry, can be solid and liquid waste.

1. Solid industrial waste or solid waste which is industrial waste in the form of solids, sludges, slurry coming from processing. For example the rest of the processing of sugar factories, pulp, paper, rayon, plywood, fruit preservation, fish meat etc.

2. Liquid waste which is the result of processing in a production process, for example the remnants of metal coating processing industry and other chemical industries. Copper, lead, silver, chromium, arsenic and boron are the substances resulting from the process of metal coating industry

Agricultural waste

Agricultural waste that can cause soil contamination are the remnants of synthetic fertilizers to fertilize the soil / plants, such as urea fertilizer, pesticide crop pest removal, for example DDT.

Polymeric materials and hard-to-break materials

Polymer materials are widely used as food, beverage, or plastic packaging. In addition to practical, the price of these polymer materials is so cheap that it is widely used. However, most of these polymeric materials are difficult to break down by microorganisms. In addition, the combustion also produces hazardous fumes and gases.

Polymeric materials can be recycled and some are not. In developed countries, polymeric materials that may be used in everyday life should be recyclable materials. Polymeric materials that enter the soil and are difficult to decompose can interfere with plant life. Polymeric materials that are difficult to decipher among other plastics, glass (glass), cans, zinc, and scrap metal.

Soil pollution can occur due to the following things, namely:

1. Pollution of the land directly

For example due to excessive use of fertilizers, pesticide administration, and waste disposal that can not be described as plastic, cans, bottles, and others.

2. Pollution of land through water

Water containing pollutants (pollutants) will change the chemical composition of the soil to disrupt the body that lives on or on the ground.

3. Pollution of land by air

The polluted air will bring down rain that contains pollutants that cause polluted soil as well.